Bionics Co., Ltd.

	What is Blood Vessel Authentication?

	Why Biometric Technology?

	Our Breakthrough Technology

	Biometric Control Options

	Biometric Security Technology

	Glossary of Terms

This form of authentication uses a permeating, high-resolution infrared CCD camera that takes a picture of the finger blood vessel pattern and matches the pattern with a previously recorded pattern. If the match is successful (which will take no more than 1 second to authenticate), the door will unlock.

There are various approaches to fingerprint authentication. However, the device generally looks at the patterns found on a fingertip and matches the pattern with what is stored on record. Only a few of these types of devices that are out in the market can detect when a living finger is presented. However, as the prices of these devices decrease, use of fingerprint for verification becomes more common. Fingerprint verification may be a good choice for in-house systems, where you can give users adequate explanation and training, and where the system operates in a controlled environment.

This form of authentication analyzes and measures the shape of the hand and is easy to use. It might be more suitable where there are more users or where users would not be using the system too often and are less disciplined when working with such a device. Ease of integration into other systems and processes, paired with ease of use, makes this form of authentication an obvious first step for many biometric projects.

Iris
This form of authentication involves analyzing the features found in the colored ring of tissue that surrounds the pupil. Iris scanning is less intrusive of the eye-related biometrics. It uses a fairly conventional camera element and requires no close contact between the user and the reader. In addition, it has a potential for higher than average template-matching performance. It works with glasses in place and is one of the few devices that can work well in identification mode. Ease of use and system integration have not traditionally been strong points with iris scanning devices, but you can expect improvements in these areas as new products emerge.

Retina
This procedure involves analyzing the layer of blood vessels situated at the back of the eye. It involves using a low-intensity light source through an optical coupler to scan the unique patterns of the retina. Retinal scanning can be quite accurate but does require the user to look into a receptacle and focus on a given point. If you wear glasses or are concerned about having close contact with the reading device, this technique would not be convenient.

This form of authentication analyzes facial characteristics. It requires a digital camera to develop a facial image of the user for authentication. Facial scanning needs an extra peripheral not customarily included with basic PCs, thus making it more of a niche market for network authentication.

Device	Fingerprints	Handprints	Iris and pupil	Faces	Blood Vessel

Summary	The characteristic points of an individual’s fingerprint are registered.	The unique characteristic points such as hand thickness and finger length of an individual are registered.	The unique characteristic points of the shade pattern of the iris and pupil of an individual are registered.	The unique characteristic points of an individual’s face are registered.	The unique blood vessel pattern in the finger is detected and registered for each individual.

FRR	0.1%	0.2%	0.1%	Less than 1%	0.01%

FAR	0.01%	0.2%	0.0001%	Less than 1%	0.0001%

Advantages	Operation is easy, and registration is fast.	Has a long history.	Reproduction of the characteristic points of the iris and pupil is very difficult	Reproduction of the characteristic points such as the eyes, nose, and mouth is difficult.	Reproduction of the characteristic points of the blood vessel pat-tern of the finger is difficult.
	It is possible to make a non-contact card.	Recognition time is fast.		Registration is possible by non-contact.	Reproduction cannot replicate living body characteristics.
	Small size and low cost.	All hands can be registered.

Weakness	Poor at handling wounds or skin ailments on the fingerprint. (ex: Atopic dermatitis, etc.)	Devices can't be miniaturized so there are restrictions on installation locations.	There is reluctance on the user to placing their eye to the machine for scanning.	It can't be certified when there is a change in the face.	No significant issues identified to date.
	A fingerprint left on the sensor is hard to sense. Detection of living body is difficult.		Devices cannot be miniaturized so there are restrictions on installation locations.	(ex: by a change of appearance, hair style, make-up, glasses, etc.)
	A fingerprint can be reproduced.	A handprint can be reproduced.		Authentication of faces that look alike is difficult.
				(ex: identical twins)

Recognition time	About 1 second	About 1 second	1~2 seconds	About 1 second	1 second

Registration (per unit)	About 500 fingers	About 500 hands	About 2000 eyes	About 300 faces	800 fingers (3000 fingers optional)